State Flowers of All 50 States: Five Chose a Rose, Four a Violet, and Seven Picks Aren’t Native

State flowers are the official flowers that a US state’s legislature or governor has designated as a symbol of the state, and all 50 states have one: the bluebonnet in Texas, the orange blossom in Florida, the saguaro blossom in Arizona, the magnolia in Louisiana and Mississippi, the peach blossom in Delaware, the mountain laurel in Connecticut and Pennsylvania, the goldenrod in Kentucky and Nebraska, and a rose in five states. This guide lists each one with its botanical name, the year the state’s own sources give, whether the plant is native, and the USDA hardiness zones where a source documents them.

We checked every row against a state statute, legislature, archive or historical-society page. Where no page we could open gave a year, the year cell says “not confirmed” rather than a guess. This page is part of our flower symbolism and meaning guide, which covers what each bloom means in floral-language books; this page sticks to what state sources record.

State flowers of all 50 states: flower, botanical name and year adopted

Rose is the most common choice, with five states, and the violet comes next with four. The table lists every state in alphabetical order, and each state has its own section further down.

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How to read the table. Year adopted is the year the state’s own source gives for the legislature (or governor) designating the flower; an earlier vote or resolution is in brackets. A dagger (†) marks a botanical name the state page does not give, which is the USDA PLANTS name for the common name (for Arizona and Michigan the state text uses an older name, “cereus giganteus” and Pyrus coronaria). Native? shows the USDA PLANTS status of the named plant: Yes or No for the lower 48 (Hawaii for the hibiscus), Varies where the state names only a genus or a group, and Cultivar for Oklahoma’s hybrid rose. USDA zones are the hardiness range the NC State Extension Plant Toolbox lists for the species named, shown only where it has a page for that species (21 of the 50). Garden hardiness ranges are not the same as a wild plant’s natural range.

Which flowers did the most states choose?

Rose leads: five states chose a rose, though they name different roses or leave the species open. Georgia has the Cherokee rose, Iowa the wild rose, New York the rose, North Dakota the wild prairie rose, and Oklahoma the Oklahoma rose. Four states chose a violet: Illinois, New Jersey, Rhode Island and Wisconsin. Illinois names the whole genus, Wisconsin the wood violet (Viola papilionacea), New Jersey the common meadow violet, and Rhode Island’s statute Viola sororia.

Six more flowers are shared by exactly two states each:

• Apple blossom: Arkansas and Michigan.
• Dogwood: North Carolina and Virginia.
• Goldenrod: Kentucky and Nebraska.
• Magnolia: Louisiana and Mississippi.
• Mountain laurel: Connecticut and Pennsylvania.
• Rhododendron: Washington and West Virginia.

That accounts for 21 states. The other 29 each chose a flower no other state shares, from Hawaii’s yellow hibiscus to Utah’s sego lily.

Why do sources disagree on the year a state flower was adopted?

Sources disagree because many states took two or three steps: a vote or resolution first, a law later, and sometimes another act to name the species. The state pages above show it plainly:

• Tennessee: a 1919 resolution had schoolchildren vote, and they chose the passion flower; a 1933 resolution named the iris “State Flower of Tennessee” without cancelling the passion flower; a 1973 act made the iris the cultivated flower and the passion flower the wildflower.
• Mississippi: 23,278 schoolchildren voted for the magnolia in 1900, and the Legislature designated it in 1952.
• Wisconsin: the wood violet won a schoolchildren’s vote on Arbor Day 1909, and Chapter 218 of the Laws of 1949 made it official.
• Washington: women chose the coast rhododendron by ballot in 1892, and the Legislature named the native species in 1959.
• Minnesota: a 1893 petition named a lady slipper that did not grow in the state, the pink and white lady’s slipper followed in 1902, and the law came in 1967.
• New Jersey: a 1913 resolution’s force ended with the start of the 1914 session, and a 1971 law named the common meadow violet.
• Texas: the Legislature adopted one species, Lupinus subcarnosus, in 1901 and extended the title to all bluebonnets in 1971.
• West Virginia: the Legislature’s own page gives 29 January 1903, while the state encyclopedia gives 23 January 1903.

Three states’ first steps trace to the 1893 World’s Columbian Exposition in Chicago. Washington’s women voted in 1892 to have a flower for the fair’s floral exhibit, Minnesota’s 1893 petition came from the Women’s Auxiliary to the World’s Fair, and Oklahoma’s mistletoe bill was lobbied for while the territory considered floral exhibits for the same fair. So a state’s first year and its legal year can sit decades apart, which is why the table prints the legal year with the earlier vote or resolution in brackets (Texas shows the later extension to all bluebonnets).

Which state flowers are native, and which are not?

Seven state flowers are not native to the lower 48: Alabama’s camellia, Delaware’s peach blossom, Florida’s orange blossom, Georgia’s Cherokee rose, New Hampshire’s purple lilac, Ohio’s scarlet carnation and Vermont’s red clover. The USDA PLANTS database lists each of those plants as introduced. Delaware’s own page ties the peach blossom to its orchards, noting the state’s reputation as the “Peach State,” so a state flower can stand for a crop as well as a wild plant.

Most of the rest are native: USDA PLANTS lists the mountain laurel, black-eyed Susan, bitterroot, sagebrush, pasque flower and dogwood as native to the lower 48, and Hawaii’s yellow hibiscus as native to Hawaii. Michigan’s 1897 resolution recites that the crabapple Pyrus coronaria (now Malus coronaria) is native to the state, which points to a wild crabapple rather than the orchard apple, which USDA lists as introduced. Three entries are neither wild nor simple: Indiana’s peony and Tennessee’s iris are genera that include garden plants, and Oklahoma’s rose is a hybrid tea cultivar created in 1964, shown as “Cultivar” in the table.

Special cases: Oklahoma’s rose and mistletoe, Arizona’s saguaro, Maine’s cone

Oklahoma has two floral symbols, and they are not the same kind of thing. The Oklahoma rose is the official state flower, adopted in 2004. Mistletoe (Phoradendron serotinum) is the official floral emblem: the Oklahoma Historical Society’s encyclopedia says the territorial legislature designated it on 11 February 1893 in House Bill 49, the first official floral emblem set by any legislature, and that a 1910 bill after statehood made it law again.

Arizona’s flower is the blossom, not the plant. The statute names “the pure white waxy flower” of the saguaro, so the cactus itself is not the symbol. Maine’s “flower” is a pine cone and tassel, a cone rather than a blossom, and Tennessee has three official flowers. Massachusetts law attaches a fine to pulling up or digging up its mayflower without written authority.

State flower of every state

Each section below gives the flower, the plant’s name where the state gives one, and the sentence in the state’s own source that dates the designation.

State flower of Alabama

The state flower of Alabama is the camellia (Camellia japonica). The governor’s office says the camellia was designated the State Flower in 1959 and that Camellia Day falls on 7 January each year, at the peak of the flower’s bloom.

State flower of Alaska

The state flower of Alaska is the forget-me-not. The Alaska Legislature’s history pages record that the 1917 territorial legislature named the forget-me-not the territorial flower; the page names no species.

State flower of Arizona

The state flower of Arizona is the saguaro blossom. Arizona Revised Statutes § 41-855 says the pure white waxy flower of the “cereus giganteus (giant cactus) or Saguaro” shall be the state flower; USDA now lists the plant as Carnegiea gigantea. The statute page gives no year and no page we could open did, so the year is not confirmed.

State flower of Arkansas

The state flower of Arkansas is the apple blossom. The Encyclopedia of Arkansas says the General Assembly designated it the official floral emblem in 1901, naming Malus (Pyrus) coronaria, and that Arkansas was the second state to adopt the apple blossom, after Michigan.

State flower of California

The state flower of California is the California poppy (Eschscholzia californica). The Department of Fish and Wildlife says it became the official state flower on 2 March 1903.

State flower of Colorado

The state flower of Colorado is the white and lavender columbine. The Colorado State Archives say it was declared the official state flower on 4 April 1899 by an act of the General Assembly.

State flower of Connecticut

The state flower of Connecticut is the mountain laurel (Kalmia latifolia). The state’s symbols page says the General Assembly designated it in 1907.

State flower of Delaware

The state flower of Delaware is the peach blossom. The state’s facts and symbols page dates the act adopting it to 9 May 1895 and says it was prompted by Delaware’s reputation as the “Peach State,” with more than 800,000 peach trees in its orchards.

State flower of Florida

The state flower of Florida is the orange blossom, the blossom of the orange tree (Citrus sinensis). The Department of State says the 1909 legislature selected it.

State flower of Georgia

The state flower of Georgia is the Cherokee rose. The Secretary of State says that in 1916, with the support of the Georgia Federation of Women’s Clubs, the Cherokee rose was named the state floral emblem.

State flower of Hawaii

The state flower of Hawaii is the native yellow hibiscus, pua aloalo (Hibiscus brackenridgei). Act 177 of 1988 established the native yellow hibiscus, also known as the Pua Aloalo or Ma‘o-hauhele, as the official flower of the State.

State flower of Idaho

The state flower of Idaho is the syringa (Philadelphus lewisii). The Secretary of State says the legislature designated it in 1931 and that the species name honors Meriwether Lewis.

State flower of Illinois

The state flower of Illinois is the violet. The Illinois Department of Natural Resources says Illinois was the first of four states to choose the violet and that schoolchildren selected it in 1908; the designation covers the genus, not one species.

State flower of Indiana

The state flower of Indiana is the peony. The Indiana Historical Bureau prints the current statute, which adopts “the flower of the peony (Paeonie)” as the official state flower and cites Acts 1957, chapter 283.

State flower of Iowa

The state flower of Iowa is the wild rose. Iowa State University Extension says the legislature designated the “wild rose” on 6 May 1897 without naming a species; three native roses (Rosa arkansana, R. blanda and R. carolina) can each be considered the state flower.

State flower of Kansas

The state flower of Kansas is the wild native sunflower (Helianthus). The Kansas Historical Society says Senator George Morehouse drafted the bill for the 1903 session and Governor Willis Bailey signed it on 12 March 1903.

State flower of Kentucky

The state flower of Kentucky is the goldenrod. Kentucky Revised Statutes § 2.090 says the goldenrod is the official state flower; its history note shows the section was recodified in 1942 and gives no earlier year, so the original year is not confirmed.

State flower of Louisiana

The state flower of Louisiana is the magnolia. The Louisiana House of Representatives says the legislature decided in 1900 to make the white magnolia blossom the state flower because of the number of magnolia trees in the state.

State flower of Maine

The state flower of Maine is the white pine cone and tassel (Pinus strobus), a cone rather than a blossom. The Secretary of State says the Legislature of 1895 adopted it.

State flower of Maryland

The state flower of Maryland is the black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta). The Maryland Manual says it has been the official flower since 1918, when the General Assembly designated it the “Floral Emblem” of Maryland.

State flower of Massachusetts

The state flower of Massachusetts is the mayflower, Epigaea repens, better known as trailing arbutus. General Laws chapter 2, section 7 names it the flower or floral emblem of the commonwealth and sets a fine of up to fifty dollars for pulling up or digging up the plant on a public way or on another person’s land without that owner’s written authority (up to one hundred dollars if done in disguise or secretly at night). The section gives no adoption year, so the year is not confirmed.

State flower of Michigan

The state flower of Michigan is the apple blossom. The 1897 joint resolution in Michigan Compiled Laws § 2.11 adopted it, and its recital says the species Pyrus coronaria (now Malus coronaria) is native to the state.

State flower of Minnesota

The state flower of Minnesota is the pink and white lady’s slipper (Cypripedium reginae). The Legislative Reference Library says a 1893 petition asked for a wild lady slipper that did not grow in Minnesota, women of the St. Anthony Study Circle brought the matter back in 1902, and the flower was designated in law in 1967 (Minnesota Statutes 1.142).

State flower of Mississippi

The state flower of Mississippi is the magnolia. The Mississippi Department of Archives and History says an election in November 1900 drew 23,278 schoolchildren, with the magnolia receiving the most votes, and that the Legislature officially designated it in 1952.

State flower of Missouri

The state flower of Missouri is the hawthorn blossom (Crataegus). The Secretary of State says that in 1923 Governor Arthur M. Hyde signed a bill naming the hawthorn blossom the official floral emblem, and that about 75 hawthorn species grow in Missouri.

State flower of Montana

The state flower of Montana is the bitterroot (Lewisia rediviva). The Montana Historical Society says the 1895 Legislature sanctioned it and that Mary Long Alderson did the most to win the choice.

State flower of Nebraska

The state flower of Nebraska is the goldenrod. The Secretary of State says legislative action declared the goldenrod (Solidago serotina) the state flower in 1895, and that numerous goldenrod species grow across the state.

State flower of Nevada

The state flower of Nevada is sagebrush. NRS 235.050 designates the shrub “Sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata or trifida)” and was added to the statutes in 1959 and amended in 1967; the Legislature’s Political History of Nevada lists the flower under 1959.

State flower of New Hampshire

The state flower of New Hampshire is the purple lilac (Syringa vulgaris). The state almanac says it was adopted in 1919, after bills promoting eight other flowers were introduced that year, and that the lilac was first planted at Governor Benning Wentworth’s Portsmouth home in 1750.

State flower of New Jersey

The state flower of New Jersey is the common meadow violet (Viola sororia). The State Library says a 1913 concurrent resolution first named the violet but its force ended with the start of the 1914 legislative session, and in 1971 legislation naming the common meadow violet was enacted.

State flower of New Mexico

The state flower of New Mexico is the yucca flower. The Secretary of State says students chose the yucca in a survey and the Legislature adopted it as the official State Flower on 14 March 1927.

State flower of New York

The state flower of New York is the rose. New York State Parks says roses were designated the state flower in 1955 and are the state’s oldest state symbol.

State flower of North Carolina

The state flower of North Carolina is the dogwood, Cornus florida. General Statute 145-1 adopts the dogwood as the official flower and cites the session law of 1941, chapter 289.

State flower of North Dakota

The state flower of North Dakota is the wild prairie rose. North Dakota Studies says it became the official state flower in 1907.

State flower of Ohio

The state flower of Ohio is the scarlet carnation. Ohio Revised Code § 5.02 adopts it “as a token of love and reverence for the memory of William McKinley”; the code page shows an effective date of 1 October 1953 and gives no earlier year, so the year of the first adoption is not confirmed.

State flower of Oklahoma

The state flower of Oklahoma is the Oklahoma rose, adopted in 2004. The Oklahoma Historical Society describes it as a hybrid tea rose created by Herbert Swim and O. L. Weeks in 1964. Mistletoe remains the official floral emblem (see the special cases above).

State flower of Oregon

The state flower of Oregon is the Oregon grape (Mahonia aquifolium). The Oregon Blue Book says the Legislature designated it by resolution in 1899.

State flower of Pennsylvania

The state flower of Pennsylvania is the mountain laurel (Kalmia latifolia). Act 107 of 5 May 1933 adopted it.

State flower of Rhode Island

The state flower of Rhode Island is the violet. R.I. General Laws § 42-4-9 designates “the flower commonly known as the violet (viola sororia),” and the state’s Secretary of State dates the adoption to 11 March 1968.

State flower of South Carolina

The state flower of South Carolina is the yellow jessamine (Gelsemium sempervirens). The State House says the General Assembly adopted it as the official State Flower on 1 February 1924.

State flower of South Dakota

The state flower of South Dakota is the American pasque flower (Pulsatilla hirsutissima). The Secretary of State says that in 1903 state law set the American pasque flower as the floral emblem, with the motto “I lead.”

State flower of Tennessee

Tennessee has three official flowers. The Secretary of State says the iris is the state cultivated flower and the passion flower (Passiflora incarnata) the state wildflower, both set by Public Chapter 16 of 1973, and that Tennessee echinacea (Echinacea tennesseensis) was added as a state wildflower in 2012.

State flower of Texas

The state flower of Texas is the bluebonnet. The Legislative Reference Library says the Legislature adopted Lupinus subcarnosus in 1901 (SCR 10), and that in 1971 HCR 44 added Lupinus texensis and all other bluebonnet varieties.

State flower of Utah

The state flower of Utah is the sego lily. Utah State History says that on 18 March 1911 the Utah State Legislature designated the sego lily as the state flower.

State flower of Vermont

The state flower of Vermont is the red clover. The Vermont Legislative Directory and State Manual lists “State Flower: The Red Clover, adopted in 1894,” and 1 V.S.A. § 498 states “The State Flower shall be the red clover.”

State flower of Virginia

The state flower of Virginia is the American dogwood (Cornus florida). Code of Virginia § 1-510 lists it among the official emblems; the section gives no adoption year and no page we could open did, so the year is not confirmed.

State flower of Washington

The state flower of Washington is the coast rhododendron (Rhododendron macrophyllum). The Legislature’s state symbols page says women chose it by ballot in 1892 for the 1893 World’s Fair in Chicago, and that in 1959 the Legislature designated the native species (RCW 1.20.030).

State flower of West Virginia

The state flower of West Virginia is the rhododendron (Rhododendron maximum). The Legislature’s kids’ page says the Legislature adopted House Joint Resolution 19 on 29 January 1903 after a vote by public school pupils, while e-WV gives 23 January 1903.

State flower of Wisconsin

The state flower of Wisconsin is the wood violet (Viola papilionacea). The Wisconsin Blue Book says schoolchildren nominated four candidates in 1908, voted on Arbor Day 1909, and that Chapter 218, Laws of 1949, named the wood violet the official flower.

State flower of Wyoming

The state flower of Wyoming is the Indian paintbrush. The Secretary of State says it was adopted as the State Flower on 31 January 1917 and that the genus has about 200 species.

Growing your state flower

Several state flowers are garden plants in the right zone, and the table shows hardiness ranges for 21 of them. Two have their own guides here: trailing arbutus, the Massachusetts mayflower, and the saguaro cactus, the plant behind Arizona’s flower. For plants suited to where you live, start with our native plants by region list, and check your state’s rules before digging up any wild plant.

FAQ

Does every US state have a state flower?

Yes. All 50 states have one, and some also name a wildflower or another floral emblem, as Tennessee and Oklahoma do.

Which flower is the state flower of the most states?

Roses, taken as a group. Five states chose a rose (Georgia, Iowa, New York, North Dakota and Oklahoma), though they name different roses or leave the species open, ahead of the violet with four (Illinois, New Jersey, Rhode Island and Wisconsin).

Which state flowers are not native?

Seven, by USDA PLANTS status for the lower 48: the camellia (Alabama), peach blossom (Delaware), orange blossom (Florida), Cherokee rose (Georgia), purple lilac (New Hampshire), scarlet carnation (Ohio) and red clover (Vermont). The count covers named species only: Oklahoma’s rose is a cultivar, and where a state names only a genus or a group, the status depends on the species.

Why do lists give different years for the same state flower?

Because many states voted or passed a resolution first and wrote a law later, and some sources simply differ on the date of the same act, as West Virginia’s two pages do. Mississippi, for example, voted in 1900 and legislated in 1952, and this page prints the legal year with the earlier vote or resolution in brackets (Texas shows the later extension to all bluebonnets).

Sources

1. Office of the Governor of Alabama. Camellia named for Governor Ivey on Alabama “Camellia Day” (7 January 2026)
2. Alaska State Legislature. 100 Years of Alaska’s Legislature: 3rd Territorial Legislature, 1917
3. Arizona Legislature. Arizona Revised Statutes § 41-855, State flower
4. Encyclopedia of Arkansas (Central Arkansas Library System). Official State Flower
5. California Department of Fish and Wildlife. California Poppy
6. Colorado State Archives. State Flower
7. State of Connecticut. State Symbols: The State Flower
8. State of Delaware. Delaware Facts & Symbols
9. Florida Department of State. Florida State Symbols: State Flower
10. Georgia Secretary of State. State Flower (Internet Archive snapshot of 14 July 2021; the live page blocks automated readers)
11. Hawaii State Legislature. Act 177, Session Laws of Hawaii 1988 (H.B. 2273), Relating to Emblems and Symbols
12. Idaho Secretary of State. Idaho State Symbols
13. Illinois Department of Natural Resources. Illinois State Symbols
14. Indiana Historical Bureau. Indiana State Tree and Flower
15. Iowa State University Extension and Outreach. What species of rose is the state flower of Iowa?
16. Kansas Historical Society. Sunflower (Kansapedia)
17. Kentucky Legislature. Kentucky Revised Statutes § 2.090, State flower
18. Louisiana House of Representatives. State Symbols
19. Maine Secretary of State. State Flower: White Pine Cone and Tassel
20. Maryland State Archives. Maryland Manual On-Line: Maryland State Flower, Black-Eyed Susan
21. Massachusetts Legislature. General Laws, Part I, Title I, Chapter 2, Section 7
22. Michigan Legislature. Michigan Compiled Laws § 2.11, State flower
23. Minnesota Legislative Reference Library. Minnesota State Symbols
24. Mississippi Department of Archives and History (digital archives). Mississippi state symbols sheet, Office of the Governor
25. Missouri Secretary of State. Missouri State Symbols: State Floral Emblem (State Flower)
26. Montana Historical Society. Montana Facts (state symbols)
27. Nebraska Secretary of State. Nebraska State Symbols
28. Nevada Legislature. Nevada Revised Statutes, Chapter 235 (NRS 235.050, State flower)
29. Nevada Legislative Counsel Bureau. Political History of Nevada, Chapter 2: Facts About Nevada
30. State of New Hampshire. New Hampshire Almanac: State Flower
31. New Jersey State Library. New Jersey State Flower: Violet
32. New Mexico Secretary of State. State Flower
33. New York State Parks. Celebrate the Empire State With the “Symbols of New York State” Scavenger Hunt
34. North Carolina General Assembly. General Statutes § 145-1, State flower
35. North Dakota Studies (State Historical Society of North Dakota). Wild Prairie Rose
36. Ohio Laws. Ohio Revised Code § 5.02, State flower
37. Oklahoma Historical Society. Oklahoma Symbols
38. Oklahoma Historical Society. Mistletoe. The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture
39. Oregon Secretary of State. Oregon Blue Book Almanac: Flower, State
40. Pennsylvania General Assembly. Act of May 5, 1933, P.L. 457, No. 107 (State flower, adopted)
41. Rhode Island General Assembly. Rhode Island General Laws § 42-4-9, State flower
42. Rhode Island Secretary of State. State Symbols
43. South Carolina State House. State Symbols: Plants
44. South Dakota Secretary of State. State Seal and Symbols
45. Tennessee Secretary of State. Tennessee State Symbols
46. Texas Legislative Reference Library. Bluebonnets and the Texas Legislature (exhibit, 12 June 2024)
47. Utah Division of State History (History to Go). The Sego Lily, Utah’s State Flower
48. Vermont Secretary of State. Vermont Legislative Directory and State Manual, 2025–2026
49. Vermont General Assembly. 1 V.S.A. § 498, State Flower
50. Virginia Law. Code of Virginia § 1-510, Official emblems and designations
51. Washington State Legislature. State Symbols: Flower
52. Washington State Legislature. RCW 1.20.030, State flower
53. West Virginia Legislature. State Symbols (Kids’ Page)
54. e-WV: The West Virginia Encyclopedia (West Virginia Humanities Council). Rhododendron
55. Wisconsin Legislative Reference Bureau. 2015–2016 Wisconsin Blue Book: State Symbols
56. Wyoming Secretary of State. State Symbols
57. USDA NRCS. PLANTS Database record: Camellia japonica L. (CAJA9), native status (accessed 7 November 2026)
58. NC State Extension. Plant Toolbox: Camellia japonica, USDA Plant Hardiness Zone range (accessed 7 November 2026)
59. USDA NRCS. PLANTS Database record: Myosotis asiatica (Vesterg.) Schischkin & Sergievskaja (MYAS2), native status (accessed 7 November 2026)
60. USDA NRCS. PLANTS Database record: Carnegiea gigantea (Engelm.) Britton & Rose (CAGI10), native status (accessed 7 November 2026)
61. USDA NRCS. PLANTS Database record: Malus coronaria (L.) Mill. (MACO5), native status (accessed 7 November 2026)
62. NC State Extension. Plant Toolbox: Malus coronaria, USDA Plant Hardiness Zone range (accessed 7 November 2026)
63. USDA NRCS. PLANTS Database record: Malus pumila Mill. (MAPU), native status (accessed 7 November 2026)
64. USDA NRCS. PLANTS Database record: Eschscholzia californica Cham. (ESCA2), native status (accessed 7 November 2026)
65. NC State Extension. Plant Toolbox: Eschscholzia californica, USDA Plant Hardiness Zone range (accessed 7 November 2026)
66. USDA NRCS. PLANTS Database record: Aquilegia coerulea James (AQCO), native status (accessed 7 November 2026)
67. USDA NRCS. PLANTS Database record: Kalmia latifolia L. (KALA), native status (accessed 7 November 2026)
68. NC State Extension. Plant Toolbox: Kalmia latifolia, USDA Plant Hardiness Zone range (accessed 7 November 2026)
69. USDA NRCS. PLANTS Database record: Prunus persica (L.) Batsch (PRPE3), native status (accessed 7 November 2026)
70. NC State Extension. Plant Toolbox: Prunus persica, USDA Plant Hardiness Zone range (accessed 7 November 2026)
71. USDA NRCS. PLANTS Database record: Citrus ×sinensis (L.) Osbeck (pro sp.) [maxima × reticulata] (CISI3), native status (accessed 7 November 2026)
72. USDA NRCS. PLANTS Database record: Rosa laevigata Michx. (ROLA), native status (accessed 7 November 2026)
73. NC State Extension. Plant Toolbox: Rosa laevigata, USDA Plant Hardiness Zone range (accessed 7 November 2026)
74. USDA NRCS. PLANTS Database record: Hibiscus brackenridgei A. Gray (HIBR), native status (accessed 7 November 2026)
75. USDA NRCS. PLANTS Database record: Philadelphus lewisii Pursh (PHLE4), native status (accessed 7 November 2026)
76. USDA NRCS. PLANTS Database record: Viola sororia Willd. (VISO), native status (accessed 7 November 2026)
77. NC State Extension. Plant Toolbox: Viola sororia, USDA Plant Hardiness Zone range (accessed 7 November 2026)
78. USDA NRCS. PLANTS Database record: Paeonia L. (PAEON), native status (accessed 7 November 2026)
79. USDA NRCS. PLANTS Database record: Rosa arkansana Porter (ROAR3), native status (accessed 7 November 2026)
80. USDA NRCS. PLANTS Database record: Rosa blanda Aiton (ROBL), native status (accessed 7 November 2026)
81. USDA NRCS. PLANTS Database record: Helianthus annuus L. (HEAN3), native status (accessed 7 November 2026)
82. USDA NRCS. PLANTS Database record: Solidago gigantea Aiton (SOGI), native status (accessed 7 November 2026)
83. USDA NRCS. PLANTS Database record: Solidago L. (SOLID), native status (accessed 7 November 2026)
84. NC State Extension. Plant Toolbox: Solidago, USDA Plant Hardiness Zone range (accessed 7 November 2026)
85. USDA NRCS. PLANTS Database record: Magnolia grandiflora L. (MAGR4), native status (accessed 7 November 2026)
86. NC State Extension. Plant Toolbox: Magnolia grandiflora, USDA Plant Hardiness Zone range (accessed 7 November 2026)
87. USDA NRCS. PLANTS Database record: Pinus strobus L. (PIST), native status (accessed 7 November 2026)
88. NC State Extension. Plant Toolbox: Pinus strobus, USDA Plant Hardiness Zone range (accessed 7 November 2026)
89. USDA NRCS. PLANTS Database record: Rudbeckia hirta L. (RUHI2), native status (accessed 7 November 2026)
90. NC State Extension. Plant Toolbox: Rudbeckia hirta, USDA Plant Hardiness Zone range (accessed 7 November 2026)
91. USDA NRCS. PLANTS Database record: Epigaea repens L. (EPRE2), native status (accessed 7 November 2026)
92. NC State Extension. Plant Toolbox: Epigaea repens, USDA Plant Hardiness Zone range (accessed 7 November 2026)
93. USDA NRCS. PLANTS Database record: Cypripedium reginae Walter (CYRE6), native status (accessed 7 November 2026)
94. USDA NRCS. PLANTS Database record: Crataegus L. (CRATA), native status (accessed 7 November 2026)
95. USDA NRCS. PLANTS Database record: Lewisia rediviva Pursh (LERE7), native status (accessed 7 November 2026)
96. USDA NRCS. PLANTS Database record: Artemisia tridentata Nutt. (ARTR2), native status (accessed 7 November 2026)
97. USDA NRCS. PLANTS Database record: Syringa vulgaris L. (SYVU), native status (accessed 7 November 2026)
98. NC State Extension. Plant Toolbox: Syringa vulgaris, USDA Plant Hardiness Zone range (accessed 7 November 2026)
99. USDA NRCS. PLANTS Database record: Yucca glauca Nutt. (YUGL), native status (accessed 7 November 2026)
100. NC State Extension. Plant Toolbox: Yucca glauca, USDA Plant Hardiness Zone range (accessed 7 November 2026)
101. USDA NRCS. PLANTS Database record: Cornus florida L. (COFL2), native status (accessed 7 November 2026)
102. NC State Extension. Plant Toolbox: Cornus florida, USDA Plant Hardiness Zone range (accessed 7 November 2026)
103. USDA NRCS. PLANTS Database record: Dianthus caryophyllus L. (DICA26), native status (accessed 7 November 2026)
104. NC State Extension. Plant Toolbox: Dianthus caryophyllus, USDA Plant Hardiness Zone range (accessed 7 November 2026)
105. USDA NRCS. PLANTS Database record: Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt. (MAAQ2), native status (accessed 7 November 2026)
106. NC State Extension. Plant Toolbox: Berberis aquifolium, USDA Plant Hardiness Zone range (accessed 7 November 2026)
107. USDA NRCS. PLANTS Database record: Gelsemium sempervirens (L.) W.T. Aiton (GESE), native status (accessed 7 November 2026)
108. NC State Extension. Plant Toolbox: Gelsemium sempervirens, USDA Plant Hardiness Zone range (accessed 7 November 2026)
109. USDA NRCS. PLANTS Database record: Pulsatilla patens (L.) Mill. ssp. multifida (Pritz.) Zamels (PUPAM), native status (accessed 7 November 2026)
110. USDA NRCS. PLANTS Database record: Iris L. (IRIS), native status (accessed 7 November 2026)
111. NC State Extension. Plant Toolbox: Iris, USDA Plant Hardiness Zone range (accessed 7 November 2026)
112. USDA NRCS. PLANTS Database record: Lupinus subcarnosus Hook. (LUSU), native status (accessed 7 November 2026)
113. USDA NRCS. PLANTS Database record: Calochortus nuttallii Torr. & A. Gray (CANU3), native status (accessed 7 November 2026)
114. USDA NRCS. PLANTS Database record: Trifolium pratense L. (TRPR2), native status (accessed 7 November 2026)
115. NC State Extension. Plant Toolbox: Trifolium pratense, USDA Plant Hardiness Zone range (accessed 7 November 2026)
116. USDA NRCS. PLANTS Database record: Rhododendron macrophyllum D. Don ex G. Don (RHMA3), native status (accessed 7 November 2026)
117. USDA NRCS. PLANTS Database record: Rhododendron maximum L. (RHMA4), native status (accessed 7 November 2026)
118. NC State Extension. Plant Toolbox: Rhododendron maximum, USDA Plant Hardiness Zone range (accessed 7 November 2026)
119. USDA NRCS. PLANTS Database record: Castilleja linariifolia Benth. (CALI4), native status (accessed 7 November 2026)
120. USDA NRCS. PLANTS Database record: Viola L. (VIOLA), native status (accessed 7 November 2026)
121. NC State Extension. Plant Toolbox: Viola, USDA Plant Hardiness Zone range (accessed 7 November 2026)
122. USDA NRCS. PLANTS Database record: Rosa acicularis Lindl. ssp. sayi (Schwein.) W.H. Lewis (ROACS), native status (accessed 7 November 2026)
123. NC State Extension. Plant Toolbox: Rosa, USDA Plant Hardiness Zone range (accessed 7 November 2026)